Protect Yourself from Typhoid Fever: A Guide to Prevention and Vaccination
Typhoid fever is a life-threatening bacterial infection caused by Salmonella Typhi. Though rare in Australia, typhoid disease poses a significant risk for travellers heading to regions with poor sanitation, including parts of Asia, Africa, and South America. At the International Travel Vaccination Centre in Sydney, we specialise in providing personalised travel health advice and essential vaccinations like the typhoid vaccine to safeguard your health abroad.
What is Typhoid and Typhoid Fever?
Typhoid fever is a systemic infection that spreads through contaminated food and water or close contact with an infected person. The bacteria invade the intestinal tract and bloodstream, leading to serious health complications if untreated.
While typhoid is uncommon in Australia due to high sanitation standards, travellers to high-risk areas must take precautions, including typhoid immunisation, to prevent infection.
Top Holiday Destinations Where Typhoid is a Risk
If you’re heading to popular destinations like India, Indonesia, Thailand, Vietnam, or the Philippines, it’s essential to take precautions against typhoid fever. These countries, renowned for their vibrant cultures, stunning landscapes, and mouth-watering cuisine, are also regions where typhoid is more prevalent due to challenges with water quality and sanitation.
Whether you’re exploring bustling cities, relaxing on tropical beaches, or savouring local street food, protecting yourself with a typhoid vaccination can ensure your travels remain memorable for all the right reasons. Before you pack your bags, book an appointment with our experienced travel doctors at ITVC to discuss your immunisation plan.
What Causes Typhoid Fever?
The primary cause of typhoid fever is ingesting food or water contaminated with the Salmonella Typhi bacteria. Poor hygiene, inadequate sewage systems, and unsafe drinking water are the most common sources of infection.
In regions where typhoid fever is endemic, it’s crucial to practise strict food and water safety measures and consider a typhoid vaccination for added protection.
Can You Get Typhoid in Australia?
While typhoid fever is rare in Australia, cases do occur, primarily in people who have travelled to high-risk countries. Local outbreaks are extremely uncommon, thanks to Australia’s strict hygiene and sanitation practices.
For travellers returning with symptoms such as prolonged fever, abdominal pain, or weakness, it’s important to seek medical attention promptly to rule out typhoid or other travel-related illnesses.
How Do You Know If You Have Typhoid Fever?
Typhoid fever symptoms typically appear gradually, one to three weeks after exposure to Salmonella Typhi. The progression of the disease can vary between individuals, but early recognition of the signs is essential to prevent severe complications.
Common Symptoms of Typhoid Fever:
- High, prolonged fever: This is often the most prominent symptom, with temperatures exceeding 39–40°C. The fever may rise in a stepwise pattern over several days.
- Fatigue and weakness: Persistent tiredness is common as the infection spreads through the body, affecting energy levels.
- Abdominal pain: Pain or discomfort in the stomach area may occur, sometimes accompanied by bloating.
- Headache: A constant or throbbing headache can develop as part of the systemic effects of the infection.
- Loss of appetite: Many individuals experience a reduced desire to eat, which can contribute to overall weakness.
Diarrhoea or constipation: Gastrointestinal symptoms vary, with some experiencing watery stools and others dealing with constipation.
Additional Symptoms That May Develop
In more severe or prolonged cases, individuals might experience:
- Skin rash with flat, rose-coloured spots (known as “rose spots”).
- Confusion or changes in mental state, particularly in advanced stages.
- An enlarged spleen or liver detected during medical examination.
Why Early Diagnosis Matters
Untreated typhoid fever can lead to life-threatening complications, including intestinal perforation, internal bleeding, or systemic infections affecting multiple organs. Seeking medical attention promptly if symptoms arise is crucial for early intervention.
How Typhoid Fever is Diagnosed
Your travel doctor will perform a thorough medical evaluation, including reviewing your travel history to areas where typhoid is common. Diagnosis is confirmed through laboratory tests such as:
- Blood culture: The most reliable method for detecting Salmonella Typhi.
- Stool or urine tests: May also be used to identify the bacteria.
Treatment for Typhoid Fever
If diagnosed, treatment typically involves a course of antibiotics to eliminate the infection. It’s essential to complete the prescribed treatment to prevent antibiotic resistance or recurrence. In severe cases, hospitalisation may be required to manage complications.
Is There a Vaccine for Typhoid Fever?
There are effective vaccines to protect against typhoid fever. At ITVC, we offer the Typhoid Fever vaccine to help travellers stay healthy in high-risk areas. Vaccination is a safe and reliable way to reduce the risk of infection and severe illness.
Types of Typhoid Vaccines
There are two types of typhoid vaccines available:
- Injectable Typhoid Vaccine (Inactivated): A single-dose vaccine administered as a typhoid shot.
- Oral Typhoid Vaccine (Live Attenuated): Taken as a series of capsules over several days.
Our experienced travel doctors will recommend the most suitable vaccine based on your medical history, travel plans, and individual needs.
How Often Do You Need a Typhoid Vaccination?
The duration of protection depends on the vaccine type:
- Injectable typhoid vaccine provides protection for approximately two years.
- Oral typhoid vaccine lasts around five years.
For travellers making frequent trips to high-risk areas, booster doses may be required to maintain immunity.
At What Age is the Typhoid Vaccine Given?
The typhoid vaccine is suitable for children aged 2 years and older, as well as adults. Our travel health experts will ensure the vaccine is administered safely and effectively for every age group.
Side Effects of the Typhoid Vaccine
The typhoid jab is generally well-tolerated. Some individuals may experience mild side effects, including:
- Redness or swelling at the injection site
- Mild fever
- Headache or fatigue
These side effects are temporary and resolve quickly. Our travel doctors will address any concerns you may have during your appointment.
How Much is the Typhoid Vaccine in Australia?
The cost of the typhoid vaccine in Australia varies depending on the type of vaccine and clinic. At ITVC, we offer competitive pricing and personalised consultations to ensure you receive the best care. Contact us on 1300 557 070 to enquire about pricing and book your vaccination today.
Protect Yourself from Typhoid Fever Before You Travel
The best way to avoid typhoid fever is through prevention. A typhoid vaccination significantly reduces your risk of infection, especially if you’re travelling to high-risk regions such as parts of Asia, Africa, or South America.
At the International Travel Vaccination Centre in Sydney, our experienced doctors provide tailored travel health advice and personalised immunisation plans to keep you safe and worry-free during your travels. Whether you need protection from typhoid or guidance on other travel health concerns, we’re here to help you enjoy your trip with peace of mind.
If you’re experiencing symptoms of typhoid fever or planning to visit a high-risk area, early action is key. Don’t delay—book your typhoid vaccination today. Call us on 1300 557 070 or schedule your appointment online and stay protected on your journey.
Safe travel starts at ITVC!