Yellow Fever Vaccination
What is Yellow Fever?
Yellow fever is a viral disease transmitted by mosquitoes, primarily the Aedes and Haemagogus species. Yellow fever gets its name from the yellowing of the skin and eyes, known as jaundice, which can occur in severe cases of the disease. The virus is common in tropical and subtropical areas of Africa and South America, and more rare in parts of Central America.
Does Yellow Fever Still Exist?
Yes, yellow fever is still a significant health concern in many parts of Africa, South America, and some parts of Central America. As of 2024, the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has listed 42 regions in Africa and the America’s as high-risk, and six regions in Africa as low-risk. Find the full list of countries and areas here. Even though vaccination has greatly reduced its spread, outbreaks still occur, especially in unvaccinated populations. If you’re travelling to these regions, it’s crucial to protect yourself with the yellow fever vaccine.
What are the Symptoms of Yellow Fever?
Yellow fever symptoms typically develop 3 to 6 days after being bitten by an infected mosquito. Early symptoms include fever, headache, muscle pain, nausea, and vomiting. In severe cases, the illness can progress to the “toxic phase,” where symptoms include jaundice, kidney failure, bleeding, and even death if left untreated.
What Happens When a Person Gets Yellow Fever?
If someone contracts yellow fever, they may experience two phases of the disease. The first phase involves mild symptoms such as fever and body aches. If the virus progresses to the toxic phase, more serious issues such as liver and kidney failure can occur, potentially leading to death. Up to 50% of people who enter the toxic phase may not survive without proper care.
How is Yellow Fever Treated?
There is no specific treatment for yellow fever. Supportive care, such as fluids, oxygen, and medication to reduce symptoms like fever and pain, is provided to patients. Hospitalisation may be required for severe cases to monitor and manage organ functions.
Can You Recover from Yellow Fever?
Yes, many people recover from the early stages of yellow fever with appropriate care. Those who enter the more severe toxic phase have a higher risk of complications and even death. However, with timely medical intervention, survival is possible, and recovery can take weeks.
Is Yellow Fever the Same as Malaria?
No, yellow fever and malaria are two distinct diseases. While both are spread by mosquitoes, they are caused by different pathogens. Yellow fever is a viral infection, whereas malaria is caused by a parasite. The symptoms and treatments also differ between the two diseases.
What is the Life Expectancy of a Person with Yellow Fever?
For individuals who recover from the mild phase of yellow fever, life expectancy is not affected. However, for those who develop the severe toxic phase, the prognosis can be poor, with up to 50% mortality within 7 to 10 days without adequate treatment.
How Do I Protect Myself from Yellow Fever?
We’re glad you asked! The most effective way to protect yourself from yellow fever is by getting the yellow fever vaccine, which offers lifetime immunity. Additionally, preventing mosquito bites by using insect repellent, wearing protective clothing, and staying in areas with mosquito nets or air conditioning can reduce the risk of infection. Travel accessories including insect repellent can be purchased from any of our three clinic locations across Sydney.
Where Do I Get the Yellow Fever Vaccine?
You can receive the yellow fever vaccine at approved yellow fever vaccination clinics, such as the International Travel Vaccination Centre. At our clinics, you’ll receive the vaccine and the required international yellow fever certificate, which is necessary for entry into certain countries.
About the Yellow Fever Vaccine
The yellow fever vaccine is a safe and highly effective vaccine that provides lifelong protection after a single dose. It is recommended for anyone travelling to yellow fever-endemic areas and is mandatory for entry into many countries.
The yellow fever vaccine is typically administered as a single injection into the upper arm. It is a live-attenuated vaccine, meaning it contains a weakened form of the yellow fever virus to stimulate the immune system without causing the disease.
Here’s what happens when one of our travel doctors administers the yellow fever vaccination:
- Preparation: Your travel doctor will review your medical history and travel plans to confirm that you need the yellow fever vaccine.
- Injection: The vaccine is injected subcutaneously (under the skin) or intramuscularly (into the muscle), usually in the upper arm.
- Certificate Issuance: After the injection, you will receive an International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis (ICVP), which proves you’ve been vaccinated. This certificate is valid for life and is often required for travel to certain countries.
The vaccine provides lifelong immunity and begins protecting you about 10 days after administration, so it’s important to plan ahead before your trip. Learn more about yellow fever from the World Health Organisation here.
Side Effects of the Yellow Fever Vaccine
Most people experience few or no side effects from the yellow fever vaccine. In rare cases, side effects may include mild fever, headache, muscle pain, or redness at the injection site. Severe allergic reactions are extremely rare but should be discussed with your travel doctor.
Who Should Have the Yellow Fever Vaccine?
The yellow fever vaccine is recommended for travellers aged 9 months and older who are visiting or living in countries with a risk of yellow fever transmission. Individuals with certain health conditions or allergies should consult a travel doctor to determine if they qualify for an exemption.
Where Can I Get a Yellow Fever Certificate?
You will receive an official yellow fever certificate after being vaccinated at an approved yellow fever vaccination centre, such as our clinics in Sydney CBD, Seven Hills, and Bella Vista. This certificate is required for travel to many countries and is valid for life.
What Countries Require a Yellow Fever Certificate?
Countries in Africa, South America, and parts of Central America require proof of yellow fever vaccination. Popular travel destinations such as Brazil, Kenya, Ghana, and Peru often require a certificate for entry, especially if you’re arriving from a high-risk area. You can find the full list of countries that require the yellow fever certificate via the World Health Organization here.
What Countries Are Most at Risk of Yellow Fever?
Countries in West and Central Africa and South America have the highest risk of yellow fever transmission. Regions like Angola, Ghana, Brazil, and Peru are common areas where yellow fever outbreaks occur, making vaccination vital for travellers to these destinations.
The following maps show yellow fever risk areas in different countries:
Accredited Yellow Fever Vaccination Provider
At ITVC, we are proud to be an accredited provider of the yellow fever vaccination, meeting the high standards set by the Australian Government. Our certification ensures that our experienced travel doctors offer the most up-to-date and effective yellow fever vaccines to protect you against this serious disease.
Our clinics, conveniently located in Sydney CBD, Seven Hills, and Bella Vista, provide comprehensive travel health services. In addition to administering the yellow fever vaccine, we offer personalised advice on travel safety and preventive care to help you stay protected throughout your journey.
Upon receiving the vaccine, you will be issued an International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis (ICVP), which is required for entry into many countries with yellow fever risk. This certificate ensures you are fully prepared for your travels.
Visit us today for expert travel health advice and vaccination services. Call us on 1300 557 070 or book an appointment online.
